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 Historical background There was no contact with Europe until 1542 which began a small amount of trading Contact was broken for around 200 years in 1638 in order to restore and strengthen traditions and identity as a country Japanese Design plain, natural, and lots of attention to minute details are seen in not only the design but in their way of life.  there were many connections to religion, mainly Buddhism, Confucianism, and Shintoism Wood is a main component in Japanese architecture The main structure is rows of columns, infilled with thin movable panels. Panels were made of woodwork, plaster or rice paper. Framing was orthogonal- (horizontal and vertical). Graceful curves are incorporated into column outlines, rafters, and roof brackets. Japanese buildings whether secular of sacred are made up of bays. Each structure is three, five, seven or other odd number of bays long. There are fixed relationships of elements and when one dimension is changed, others are changed propo...

The Arts and Crafts Movement was a reaction against the Victorian Period and was born of ideals The Victorian Period (1887- 1901) anything used in the decorative arts or architecture during the reign of Queen Victoria of England There were lots of advances in communication, materials, and manufacturing processes Positive reactions decorative arts for the masses and not just for the elite advances in communication and media gave knowledge that spread world wide Negative reactions poorly manufactured furniture and materials rooms were incredibly cluttered no logical thought is a particular aesthetic Arts and Crafts Movement began in England and was also popular in the United States William Morris was the founder and he believed that things in the house either need to be useful or beautiful.  was a reaction against the Industrial Revolution characteristics hand-made lots of oak used for the strong visible grain wood joints were visible based on medieval designs such as Gothic simple d...